Resources

Glossary

Plain definitions of the words you will hear in every franchise conversation.

Reference materials

Area development

Right/obligation to open multiple outlets in a defined region over a schedule.

Brand standards

Mandatory look, service, product, and process rules set by the franchisor.

COCO

Company Owned, Company Operated outlet — run by the brand.

Exclusive territory

Geographic protection from same-brand competition — only as defined in the contract.

FOCO

Franchise Owned, Company Operated — franchisee invests; brand operates.

FOFO

Franchise Owned, Franchise Operated — the classic hands-on model.

Franchise agreement

Core contract granting rights and setting fees, term, obligations, and exit rules.

Franchise fee

Initial fee for joining the system; often non-refundable.

Marketing fund

Pool funded by franchisees for brand or co-op advertising.

Master franchise

Rights over a large territory, often including ability to sub-franchise.

Non-compete

Restriction on running a competing business during or after the term.

Royalty

Ongoing fee to the franchisor, usually sales-based or fixed.

Territory

Area in which the franchisee may operate, with or without exclusivity.

Unit economics

Profitability math of a single outlet after all costs and fees.

Working capital

Cash needed to run operations until the business generates enough inflow.

Educational only. Full disclaimer.